What is a Hydraulic Machine? Components of Hydraulic Machine

Hydraulic Intensifier

Hydraulic machines: what are they?

The hydraulic machine converts hydraulic energy into mechanical energy and vice versa. Hydraulic oil is used for actuation, power transmission, and working in this type of machine.

The following are some important characteristics of hydraulic machines

  • At 100 times the atmospheric pressure, these machines run at a pressure of 100s of a bar.

  • Steel wires are used in these machines to withstand this high pressure. This machine uses extremely tough hoses and pipes.

  • Considering the machine is made of hard material, it is too expensive.

  • Machines powered by hydraulics are used in heavy industries, not in small ones.

Hydraulic Intensifiers use incompressible fluids to transfer force and energy. Hydro-kinetics and hydrostatics govern these devices.

Hydraulic devices include:

  • Backhoes

  • Bulldozers

  • Excavators

  • Jaws of life

  • Metal shears

  • Car crushers

  • Automobile brakes

  • Garbage compactors

  • Log splitters

  • Zero radius lawn tractors

  • Bobcat tractors

Hydraulic systems can be divided into two types. Below are a few of them

  • When the operating mechanism is idle, an open-loop system will have fluid flow but no pressure. Fluid passes from the actuator to the reservoir and then to the pump inlet. A directional control valve is used. As compared to a closed-loop hydraulic system, this hydraulic system generates less heat.

  • In a closed-loop or closed circuit system, fluid pressure is created when the pump operates. Fluid does not enter the reservoir in a closed-loop system. Fluid flows only between the pump and actuator. There is an additional pump in this system called a feed pump or charge pump. A closed-loop system has the advantage of precise actuation response.

What are the major components of a hydraulic machine?

Hydraulic machines consist of the following components:
Hydraulic Reservoir: The fluid in the hydraulic system is vital. The size of the reservoir containing the hydraulic system depends on the system and application. The problem can be caused by aeration, so a reservoir is designed to remove trapped air efficiently. Pressurized hydraulic fluid is cooled down in the reservoir.
Activator: An actuator transforms pressure energy into mechanical motion and force.
Filters play a crucial role in preventing contamination in hydraulic systems. The hydraulic system can be contaminated and damaged by various particles such as rust, water, and other foreign particles. In order to remove the unnecessary contamination, filters are used. By doing so, the fluid can be effectively purified.
As the hydraulic pump transmits mechanical energy into hydraulic energy, it is also considered the heart of the hydraulic system.
Flow control valve: The fluid flow rate determines the speed of the actuator (motion of the output) in a hydraulic system. Flow control valves can be used to perform this operation.
Hydraulic systems use accumulators as electrical batteries. Hydraulic fluid is stored under pressure for future use.
With the help of hydraulic hoses, various components of hydraulic hoses such as pumps, motors, cylinders, etc. are connected and fluid can be transferred between them.
PTFE, rubber, and polyurethane (AU) are the most common materials used in hydraulic seals. Fluid leaks are prevented by it.

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