Types of Hydraulic Systems

 

Type # 1. The Hydraulic Accumulator:

A hydraulic accumulator is a device that temporarily stores liquid energy. This device is used to store liquid under pump pressure when it is not required by the machine. When needed, the liquid at pressure stored in the accumulator can be supplied to the machine. Many hydraulic machines, such as cranes or lifts, perform a large amount of work in a short period of time, followed by an idle period. For example, a crane or lift requires energy only during the upward motion of the load. During the downward motion, no energy is required.

However, it should be noted that the pumps continuously supply high-pressure water energy. As a result, high pressure water can be stored in the accumulator during the idle stroke of the machine and released at a higher rate during the working stroke. It should also be noted that the uniform supply of high pressure water from the pumps does not have to be as large as that required by the machine when performing its maximum rate of work, because the machine will draw the water from the accumulator at that time.

Type # 2. The Differential Hydraulic Accumulator:

This device is made up of a fixed vertical cylinder (also known as the plunger) with a small central vertical cavity. A brass bush or sleeve surrounds the fixed plunger. A sliding inverted cylinder that can be loaded encases the sleeve.

Water from the pump mains enters the fixed plunger at the bottom. Water flows up the vertical cavity, eventually exerting an upward pressure force on the loaded sliding cylinder's horizontal annular roof. This annular area is the same as the brass bush's sectional area.

Type # 3. The Hydraulic Intensifier:

The hydraulic intensifier is a device that uses the energy of a larger volume of water at a low pressure to increase the intensity of water pressure. When the water pressure supplied to a machine is insufficient, a device like this is required.

As the water is drawn out of the sliding ram, it moves downward. It eventually reaches the bottom of its stroke. The valve that allows high-pressure water into the machine is closed at this point. The water in the fixed cylinder is now allowed to exhaust. The sliding ram is filled with low-pressure water from the main supply. The sliding ram will now rise and eventually reach the top of its stroke. 

Type # 4. The Hydraulic Ram:

The hydraulic ram is a device that allows a small amount of water to be raised to a significant height by utilising a large amount of water available at a low height.

The water in chamber B exerts a dynamic thrust on the valve C as the rate of flow of water down the pipe increases. This thrust continues to increase until the valve C is closed. When this happens, the entire volume of water in pipe G comes to a halt, resulting in a sudden increase in pressure. This significant increase in pressure causes the valve F to open, and water is forced into the air vessel D, compressing the air within it.

Type # 5. The Hydraulic Lift:

A hydraulic lift is made up of a platform or cage that is supported by a vertical ram that slides inside a fixed vertical cylinder. The fixed cylinder's bottom is filled with high-pressure water from the mains, which exerts pressure on the lower end of the sliding ram. As a result, the ram is raised, and the platform can be raised to any desired floor level. In its guides, the cage moves.

A hydraulic lift is made up of a platform or cage that is supported by a vertical ram that slides inside a fixed vertical cylinder. The fixed cylinder's bottom is filled with high-pressure water from the mains, which exerts pressure on the lower end of the sliding ram. As a result, the ram is raised, and the platform can be raised to any desired floor level. In its guides, the cage moves.

Type # 6. The Hydraulic Crane:

The hydraulic crane is made up of two main components: the jigger and the crane. The jigger is attached to the crane's mast. The jigger is made up of a cylinder and a ram that slides inside it. A set of 2 to 6 pulleys is provided at the sliding ram's top end, and another set of 2 to 6 pulleys is provided at the fixed cylinder's bottom end. Obviously, the lower set of pulleys has no vertical movement, whereas the top set of pulleys carried by the ram moves with the ram.

Type # 7. The Hydraulic Press:

Ernest Bramah invented this device, which is also known as the Bramah Press.

The principle of this device is based on Pascal's law of pressure transmission by fluid. There are two cylinders of varying sizes, each with its own piston. A pipe connects the two cylinders. The fluid is subjected to high pressure when a force is applied to the piston of the smaller cylinder.

It is made up of two fixed platens and one movable platen. The movable platen is connected to a plunger that travels through the upper fixed platen and operates in a fixed cylinder. Columns connect the two fixed platens. The pumps deliver high-pressure water to the cylinder. 

Type # 8. The Hydraulic Coupling or Fluid Coupling:

This is a device that allows rotary motion to be transferred from one shaft to another. This device consists of a radial pump impeller keyed to the driving shaft A and a radial flow reaction turbine runner keyed to the driven shaft B. The impeller and turbine runner form an entirely oil-filled casing. Assume the driven shaft B is at rest and the driving shaft A is in motion.

A forced vortex will form in the impeller, causing oil to be forced outwards by centrifugal action and then projected with a distinct whirl component on the stationary vanes of the turbine runner. Because the angular momentum associated with this whirl velocity is destroyed, a tangential force, and thus a torque, is applied to the whirl velocity. as well hydraulic power pack is a part of hydraulic system.